Văn hóaHSK 325/07/20266 phút đọc

Kể câu chuyện Việt Nam qua quà lưu niệm

Tiêu đề tiếng Trung

用纪念品讲述越南故事

Nội Dung Song Ngữ

“有一次，我在日本一家文化交流中心参访时，赠送了几枚印有越南水上木偶戏图案的胸针。三个月后，对方主动联系我，告诉我他们已经深入了解了这一传统艺术形式，并希望邀请越南水上木偶剧团赴日演出。这说明，一件小小的纪念品，完全可以成为一个更大文化故事的开端”，2026年河内创意设计节策展团队成员、Hanoi Grapevine总监阮秀姮分享道。

“Có lần, khi đến thăm một trung tâm giao lưu văn hóa ở Nhật Bản, tôi được tặng vài chiếc trâm cài có họa tiết múa rối nước Việt Nam. Ba tháng sau, bên kia liên lạc với tôi và nói với tôi rằng họ rất hiểu biết về loại hình nghệ thuật truyền thống này và mong muốn được mời đoàn múa rối nước Việt Nam sang biểu diễn tại Nhật Bản. Điều này cho thấy một món quà lưu niệm nhỏ có thể là khởi đầu cho một câu chuyện văn hóa lớn hơn”, ông Nguyễn Soo Hằng, thành viên ban giám tuyển Festival Thiết kế sáng tạo Hà Nội 2026, Giám đốc Hà Nội chia sẻ. cây nho.

这一故事表明，如今的纪念品已不再只是旅行的纪念物，而正逐渐成为讲述越南文化故事的重要媒介。在许多国家，纪念品已成为旅游产业生态的重要组成部分。它们的价值不仅在于材质或实用功能，更在于能够传递一个地方独特的文化特质。一件小小的物品，足以展现一种文化，激发人们的好奇心，促使拥有者进一步了解孕育它的土地。

Câu chuyện này cho thấy những món quà lưu niệm ngày nay không còn chỉ là vật lưu niệm của những chuyến du lịch mà ngày càng trở thành một phương tiện quan trọng để kể câu chuyện về văn hóa Việt Nam. Ở nhiều nước, quà lưu niệm đã trở thành một phần quan trọng trong hệ sinh thái ngành du lịch. Giá trị của chúng không chỉ nằm ở vật liệu hay chức năng thực tế mà còn ở khả năng truyền tải những nét văn hóa độc đáo của một địa điểm. Một đồ vật nhỏ cũng đủ thể hiện một nền văn hóa, kích thích trí tò mò của con người, thôi thúc người sở hữu tìm hiểu thêm về mảnh đất đã khai sinh ra nó.

如今，纪念品已不仅仅是名胜古迹或经典地标的缩影，而越来越多地记录着一座城市、一片土地的生活气息。一枚印有越南法棍（三明治）的徽章、一本描绘河内街景的手绘笔记本、一幅展现胡志明市日常生活的插画等，都能够引发人们的情感共鸣，因为它们讲述的是一个真实、亲切、充满活力的越南。正是这些朴实而鲜活的故事，为文化纪念品注入了新的吸引力。

Ngày nay, quà lưu niệm không còn chỉ là hình ảnh thu nhỏ của các di tích lịch sử hay địa danh cổ điển mà ngày càng ghi lại không khí cuộc sống của một thành phố, một vùng đất. Một tấm huy hiệu có in hình bánh mì baguette (bánh mì) Việt Nam, một cuốn sổ tay vẽ cảnh đường phố Hà Nội, một bức tranh minh họa về cuộc sống đời thường ở Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh, v.v., đều có thể khơi dậy sự cộng hưởng cảm xúc của mọi người vì chúng kể về một Việt Nam chân thực, thân thiện và sôi động. Chính những câu chuyện đơn giản và sống động này đã tạo nên sức hấp dẫn mới cho những món quà lưu niệm văn hóa.

河内文庙-国子监每年接待游客超过200万人次，是越南最具潜力开发文化遗产纪念品的旅游景点之一。庞大而多元的游客群体，也意味着必须打造更具吸引力的纪念品，让游客愿意把它们作为旅行记忆的一部分带回家。

Văn Miếu – Nho Hà Nội đón hơn 2 triệu lượt khách du lịch mỗi năm và là một trong những điểm du lịch tiềm năng nhất Việt Nam để phát triển di sản văn hóa lưu niệm. Nhóm du lịch đông đảo và đa dạng cũng đồng nghĩa với việc phải tạo ra nhiều món quà lưu niệm hấp dẫn hơn để du khách sẵn sàng mang về nhà như một phần kỷ niệm du lịch.

文庙—国子监文化科学活动中心副主任唐玉河博士表示，长期以来，景区纪念品商店销售的大多是普通旅游商品，在许多旅游景点都能见到，尚未真正体现文庙自身的文化特色。

Tiến sĩ Tang Yuhe, Phó giám đốc Trung tâm hoạt động khoa học và văn hóa Nho giáo-Guozijian, cho biết từ lâu, các cửa hàng lưu niệm ở các danh lam thắng cảnh hầu hết bán các sản phẩm du lịch thông thường, có thể thấy ở nhiều điểm du lịch và chưa phản ánh thực sự nét đặc trưng văn hóa của chính ngôi chùa Nho giáo.

基于“纪念品不仅是留存回忆的物件，更是传播文化的重要载体”这一理念，管理单位开始探索新的开发思路。每一件文创产品都围绕文庙崇文重教传统、科举历史以及独特精神价值展开设计，让游客在离开景区之后，依然能够延续文化体验。

Dựa trên quan niệm “quà lưu niệm không chỉ là vật lưu giữ kỷ niệm mà còn là vật dụng quan trọng để truyền bá văn hóa”, đơn vị quản lý bắt đầu tìm tòi những ý tưởng phát triển mới. Mỗi sản phẩm văn hóa và sáng tạo đều được thiết kế xoay quanh truyền thống thờ cúng văn học và giáo dục của Nho giáo, lịch sử các kỳ thi của triều đình và các giá trị tinh thần độc đáo, cho phép khách du lịch tiếp tục trải nghiệm văn hóa sau khi rời khỏi danh lam thắng cảnh.

从进士碑上的纹样、奎文阁形象，到越南儒学教育的各种文化符号，文庙已开发出多个系列文创产品。每件纪念品都承载着丰富的精神内涵，使游客能够将文庙文化“带回家”。

Từ hoa văn trên tấm bia Jinshi, hình ảnh Kui Wen Pavilion cho đến các biểu tượng văn hóa đa dạng của nền giáo dục Nho giáo Việt Nam, Khổng Miếu đã phát triển hàng loạt sản phẩm văn hóa, sáng tạo. Mỗi món quà lưu niệm đều mang ý nghĩa tâm linh phong phú, giúp du khách “mang về nhà” nét văn hóa Nho giáo.

值得关注的是，当地纪念品开发不仅停留在文化遗产元素的提取上，更与传统手工艺村和创意设计团队深度合作。设计师从古代纹样和文化精髓中汲取灵感，与工匠共同打造兼具文化底蕴和现代实用价值的文创产品。

Điều đáng chú ý là việc phát triển hàng lưu niệm địa phương không chỉ chú trọng khai thác các yếu tố di sản văn hóa mà còn có sự hợp tác sâu rộng với các làng nghề truyền thống, đội ngũ thiết kế sáng tạo. Các nhà thiết kế lấy cảm hứng từ những hoa văn cổ xưa và tinh hoa văn hóa, đồng thời làm việc với những người thợ thủ công để tạo ra những sản phẩm văn hóa và sáng tạo vừa mang tính di sản văn hóa vừa có giá trị thực tiễn hiện đại.

由传统工艺村匠人手工制作的产品，虽然价格相对较高，但凭借精湛工艺以及背后的文化故事，依然深受游客青睐。

Mặc dù các sản phẩm thủ công của các nghệ nhân ở các làng nghề truyền thống có giá tương đối đắt tiền nhưng chúng vẫn rất được khách du lịch ưa chuộng nhờ tay nghề tinh xảo và những câu chuyện văn hóa đằng sau chúng.

唐玉河认为，一件成功的纪念品应同时具备三个要素：实用性、审美价值和文化表达能力。“如果产品只有文化特色，却不符合游客需求，就难以获得市场认可；反之，如果产品销量很好，却无法体现其所代表地区的文化特色，同样难以形成独特品牌。”

Tang Yuhe tin rằng một món quà lưu niệm thành công phải hội tụ đồng thời ba yếu tố: tính thực tiễn, giá trị thẩm mỹ và khả năng thể hiện văn hóa. “Nếu một sản phẩm chỉ mang đặc trưng văn hóa mà không đáp ứng được nhu cầu của khách du lịch thì sẽ khó được thị trường thừa nhận; ngược lại, nếu sản phẩm bán chạy nhưng không phản ánh được đặc điểm văn hóa của vùng mà nó đại diện thì việc hình thành một thương hiệu độc đáo cũng khó không kém”.

不过，仅靠少数景区推出几款成功产品，还不足以推动整个行业实现可持续发展，也难以充分释放这一领域的巨大潜力。目前，越南纪念品产业面临着低价进口商品的激烈竞争。同时，具有较高国际知名度和品牌影响力的文化礼品品牌仍然较少。不少产品仍停留在零散手工艺品阶段，缺乏整体设计理念、品牌故事以及专业化销售渠道。

Tuy nhiên, chỉ tung ra một vài sản phẩm thành công ở một vài danh lam thắng cảnh là chưa đủ để thúc đẩy sự phát triển bền vững của toàn ngành và khó có thể phát huy hết tiềm năng to lớn trong lĩnh vực này. Hiện nay, ngành lưu niệm Việt Nam đang phải đối mặt với sự cạnh tranh gay gắt từ hàng nhập khẩu giá rẻ. Đồng thời, vẫn còn ít thương hiệu quà tặng văn hóa có uy tín quốc tế và sức ảnh hưởng thương hiệu cao. Nhiều sản phẩm vẫn đang trong giai đoạn thủ công mỹ nghệ rải rác, thiếu ý tưởng thiết kế tổng thể, câu chuyện thương hiệu và kênh bán hàng chuyên nghiệp.

因此，越南亟需构建一个完整的产业生态体系，将创意设计、生产制造、市场营销和品牌推广有机衔接，形成完整的价值链，为文化纪念品走向更广阔的国际市场创造条件。

Vì vậy, Việt Nam cần khẩn trương xây dựng hệ sinh thái công nghiệp hoàn chỉnh, kết nối hữu cơ giữa thiết kế sáng tạo, sản xuất, tiếp thị và quảng bá thương hiệu để hình thành chuỗi giá trị hoàn chỉnh, tạo điều kiện cho các sản phẩm lưu niệm văn hóa thâm nhập thị trường quốc tế rộng lớn hơn.

在这一体系中，文化遗产提供创意源泉，传统工匠传承精湛技艺，设计师则负责将传统文化价值转化为符合现代生活方式的设计语言，而销售平台、旅游目的地及文化机构则成为连接产品与消费者的重要桥梁。

Trong hệ thống này, di sản văn hóa cung cấp nguồn sáng tạo, các thợ thủ công truyền thống kế thừa những kỹ năng tinh tế, các nhà thiết kế chịu trách nhiệm chuyển hóa các giá trị văn hóa truyền thống thành ngôn ngữ thiết kế phù hợp với lối sống hiện đại, và nền tảng bán hàng, điểm du lịch và các tổ chức văn hóa trở thành cầu nối quan trọng kết nối sản phẩm và người tiêu dùng.

有时候，文化传播正是从游客行李箱中的一件小小纪念品开始。一件设计精巧的手工艺品，或许就是外国朋友认识越南的第一张“文化名片”。当每一件纪念品都承载着值得继续讲述的故事时，越南文化也将以最自然、最富感染力的方式走向世界。（完）

Đôi khi, việc truyền tải văn hóa bắt đầu từ một món quà lưu niệm nhỏ trong hành lý của khách du lịch. Một món đồ thủ công được thiết kế tinh xảo có thể là “tấm danh thiếp văn hóa” đầu tiên để bạn bè nước ngoài làm quen với Việt Nam. Khi mỗi món quà lưu niệm đều mang một câu chuyện đáng kể, văn hóa Việt Nam cũng sẽ đi ra thế giới một cách tự nhiên và dễ lan tỏa nhất. (qua)

Từ Vựng Trọng Tâm Trong Bài (431)

用HSK 1

[yòng]

to use; to employ; to have to; to eat or drink; expense or outlay; usefulness; hence; therefore

次HSK 1

[cì]

next in sequence; second; the second (day, time etc); secondary; vice-; sub-; infra-; inferior quality; substandard; order; sequence; hypo- (chemistry); classifier for enumerated events: time

家HSK 1

[jiā]

used in 家伙 and 家俱

交流HSK 3

[jiāo liú]

to exchange; exchange; communication; interaction; to have social contact (with sb)

赠送HSK 5

[zèng sòng]

to present as a gift

戏HSK 5

[xì]

variant of 戏

图案HSK 4

[tú àn]

design; pattern

胸HSK 6

[xiōng]

variant of 胸

针HSK 4

[zhēn]

needle; pin; injection; stitch

月HSK 1

[yuè]

moon; month; monthly

后HSK 1

[Hòu]

surname Hou

对方HSK 3

[duì fāng]

the other person; the other side; the other party

主动HSK 3

[zhǔ dòng]

to take the initiative; to do sth of one's own accord; spontaneous; active; opposite: passive 被动; drive (of gears and shafts etc)

联系HSK 3

[lián xì]

variant of 联系

告诉HSK 1

[gào sù]

to press charges; to file a complaint

我HSK 1

[wǒ]

I; me; my

他们HSK 1

[tā men]

they

已经HSK 2

[yǐ jīng]

already

深入HSK 3

[shēn rù]

to penetrate deeply; thorough

艺术HSK 3

[yì shù]

art

形式HSK 3

[xíng shì]

outer appearance; form; shape; formality

并HSK 3

[bìng]

and; furthermore; also; together with; (not) at all; simultaneously; to combine; to join; to merge

希望HSK 3

[xī wàng]

to hope; a hope; a wish

邀请HSK 5

[yāo qǐng]

to invite; invitation

水HSK 1

[Shuǐ]

surname Shui

木偶HSK 7

[mù ǒu]

puppet

剧团HSK 7

[jù tuán]

theatrical troupe

赴HSK 7

[fù]

to go; to visit (e.g. another country); to attend (a banquet etc)

日HSK 1

[Rì]

abbr. for 本, Japan

演出HSK 3

[yǎn chū]

to act (in a play); to perform; to put on (a performance); performance; concert; show

说明HSK 2

[shuō míng]

to explain; to illustrate; to indicate; to show; to prove; explanation; directions; caption

完全HSK 2

[wán quán]

complete; whole; totally; entirely

可以HSK 2

[kě yǐ]

can; may; possible; able to; not bad; pretty good

大HSK 1

[dà]

big; large; great; older (than another person); eldest (as in 姐); greatly; freely; fully; (dialect) father; (dialect) uncle (father's brother)

开HSK 1

[kāi]

to open (transitive or intransitive); (of ships, vehicles, troops etc) to start; to turn on; to put in operation; to operate; to run; to boil; to write out (a prescription, check, invoice etc); (directional complement) away; off; carat (gold); abbr. for Kelvin, 开尔文; abbr. for 开本, book format

端HSK 6

[duān]

end; extremity; item; port; to hold sth level with both hands; to carry; regular

节HSK 2

[jiē]

see 节骨眼

成员HSK 3

[chéng yuán]

member

总监HSK 6

[zǒng jiān]

head; director (of an organizational unit); (police) commissioner; inspector-general; rank of local governor in Tang dynasty administration

分享HSK 5

[fēn xiǎng]

to share (let others have some of sth good)

道HSK 2

[dào]

road; path; principle; truth; morality; reason; skill; method; Dao (of Daoism); to say; to speak; to talk; classifier for long thin things (rivers, cracks etc), barriers (walls, doors etc), questions (in an exam etc), commands, courses in a meal, steps in a process; (old) circuit (administrative division)

表明HSK 3

[biǎo míng]

to make clear; to make known; to state clearly; to indicate; known

不再HSK 6

[bù zài]

no more; no longer

只是HSK 3

[zhǐ shì]

merely; only; just; nothing but; simply; but; however

正HSK 1

[zhēng]

first month of the lunar year

逐渐HSK 4

[zhú jiàn]

gradually

媒介HSK 7

[méi jiè]

intermediary; vehicle; vector; medium; media

国家HSK 1

[guó jiā]

country; nation; state

组成HSK 2

[zǔ chéng]

to form; to make up; to constitute

部分HSK 2

[bù fen]

part; share; section; piece

功能HSK 3

[gōng néng]

function; capability

在于HSK 4

[zài yú]

to be in; to lie in; to consist in; to depend on; to rest with

传递HSK 5

[chuán dì]

to transmit; to pass on to sb else; (math.) transitive

地方HSK 1

[dì fāng]

region; regional (away from the central administration); local

特质HSK 7

[tè zhì]

characteristic; special quality

物品HSK 6

[wù pǐn]

articles; goods

足以HSK 6

[zú yǐ]

sufficient to...; so much so that; so that

种HSK 3

[zhǒng]

seed; species; kind; type; classifier for types, kinds, sorts

激发HSK 7

[jī fā]

to arouse; to stimulate; (physics) to excite

好奇心HSK 7

[hào qí xīn]

interest in sth; curiosity; inquisitive

促使HSK 4

[cù shǐ]

to induce; to promote; to urge; to impel; to bring about; to provoke; to drive (sb to do sth); to catalyze; to actuate; to contribute to (some development)

拥有HSK 5

[yōng yǒu]

to have; to possess

者HSK 3

[zhě]

(after a verb or adjective) one who (is) ...; (after a noun) person involved in ...; -er; -ist; (used after a number or 后 or 前 to refer to sth mentioned previously); (used after a term, to mark a pause before defining the term); (old) (used at the end of a command); (old) this

进一步HSK 3

[jìn yī bù]

to go a step further; (develop, understand, improve etc) more; further

了解HSK 4

[liǎo jiě]

to understand; to realize; to find out

孕育HSK 7

[yùn yù]

to be pregnant; to produce offspring; to nurture (a development, school of thought, artwork etc); fig. replete with (culture etc)

它HSK 2

[tā]

如今HSK 4

[rú jīn]

nowadays; now

不仅仅HSK 6

[bù jǐn jǐn]

not only; not just

名胜HSK 6

[míng shèng]

a place famous for its scenery or historical relics; scenic spot

古迹HSK 7

[gǔ jì]

places of historic interest; historical sites

或HSK 2

[huò]

maybe; perhaps; might; possibly; or

经典HSK 4

[jīng diǎn]

the classics; scriptures; classical; classic (example, case etc); typical

标HSK 7

[biāo]

mark; sign; label; to mark with a symbol, label, lettering etc; to bear (a brand name, registration number etc); prize; award; bid; target; quota; (old) the topmost branches of a tree; visible symptom; classifier for military units

缩影HSK 7

[suō yǐng]

miniature version of sth; microcosm; epitome; (Tw) to microfilm

越来越HSK 2

[yuè lái yuè]

more and more

地HSK 1

[de]

-ly; structural particle: used before a verb or adjective, linking it to preceding modifying adverbial adjunct

记录HSK 3

[jì lù]

to record; record (written account); note-taker; record (in sports etc)

座HSK 2

[zuò]

seat; base; stand; (archaic) suffix used in a respectful form of address, e.g. 师座; classifier for buildings, mountains and similar immovable objects

城市HSK 3

[chéng shì]

city; town

片HSK 2

[piān]

disk; sheet

土地HSK 4

[tǔ dì]

land; soil; territory

气息HSK 7

[qì xī]

breath; smell; odor; flavor

枚HSK 7

[Méi]

surname Mei

印HSK 6

[Yìn]

surname Yin; abbr. for 度

有HSK 1

[yǒu]

to have; there is; (bound form) having; with; -ful; -ed; -al (as in 意 intentional)

法HSK 4

[fǎ]

variant of 法

棍HSK 7

[gùn]

stick; rod; truncheon

三明治HSK 6

[sān míng zhì]

sandwich (loanword)

章HSK 6

[Zhāng]

surname Zhang

本HSK 1

[běn]

root; stem; origin; source; this; the current; original; inherent; originally; classifier for books, periodicals, files etc

描绘HSK 7

[miáo huì]

to describe; to portray

街HSK 2

[jiē]

street

景HSK 6

[Jǐng]

surname Jing

手HSK 1

[shǒu]

hand; (formal) to hold; person engaged in certain types of work; person skilled in certain types of work; personal(ly); convenient; classifier for skill

笔记本HSK 2

[bǐ jì běn]

notebook (stationery); notebook (computing)

幅HSK 5

[fú]

width; roll; classifier for textiles or pictures

展现HSK 5

[zhǎn xiàn]

to unfold before one's eyes; to emerge; to reveal; to display

市HSK 2

[shì]

market; city

日常HSK 3

[rì cháng]

day-to-day; daily; everyday

插HSK 5

[chā]

to insert; stick in; pierce; to take part in; to interfere; to interpose

画HSK 2

[huà]

to draw; to paint; picture; painting; to draw (a line) (variant of 划); stroke of a Chinese character (variant of 划); (calligraphy) horizontal stroke (variant of 划)

等HSK 1

[děng]

class; rank; grade; equal to; same as; to wait for; to await; et cetera; and so on; et al. (and other authors); after; as soon as; once

引发HSK 7

[yǐn fā]

to lead to; to trigger; to initiate; to cause; to evoke (emotions)

人们HSK 2

[rén men]

people

情感HSK 3

[qíng gǎn]

feeling; emotion; to move (emotionally)

共鸣HSK 7

[gòng míng]

(physics) to resonate; resonance; sympathetic response

因为HSK 2

[yīn wèi]

because; owing to; on account of

真实HSK 3

[zhēn shí]

true; real

亲切HSK 3

[qīn qiè]

amiable; cordial; close and dear; familiar

充满HSK 3

[chōng mǎn]

full of; brimming with; very full; permeated

活力HSK 5

[huó lì]

energy; vitality; vigor; vital force

这些HSK 1

[zhè xiē]

these

朴实HSK 7

[pǔ shí]

plain; simple; guileless; down-to-earth; sincere and honest

鲜活HSK 7

[xiān huó]

vivid; lively; (of food ingredients) live or fresh

注入HSK 7

[zhù rù]

to pour into; to empty into

了HSK 1

[le]

(completed action marker); (modal particle indicating change of state, situation now); (modal particle intensifying preceding clause)

内HSK 3

[nèi]

inside; inner; internal; within; interior

年HSK 1

[Nián]

surname Nian

接待HSK 3

[jiē dài]

to receive (a visitor); to admit (allow sb to enter)

超过HSK 2

[chāo guò]

to surpass; to exceed; to outstrip

万HSK 2

[mò]

used in 俟

人次HSK 7

[rén cì]

person-times; visits; classifier for number of people participating

之一HSK 4

[zhī yī]

one of (sth); one out of a multitude; one (third, quarter, percent etc)

庞大HSK 7

[páng dà]

huge; enormous; tremendous

多元HSK 7

[duō yuán]

poly-; multi-; multielement; multivariant; multivariate (math.)

群体HSK 5

[qún tǐ]

community; colony

意味着HSK 5

[yì wèi zhe]

to signify; to mean; to imply

必须HSK 2

[bì xū]

to have to; must; compulsory; necessarily

吸引HSK 4

[xī yǐn]

to attract; to appeal to; to fascinate

力HSK 3

[Lì]

surname Li

愿意HSK 2

[yuàn yì]

to wish; to want; ready; willing (to do sth)

把HSK 3

[bǎ]

to hold; to grasp; to hold a baby in position to help it urinate or defecate; handlebar; classifier: handful, bundle, bunch; classifier for things with handles; (used to put the object before the verb: 把 + {noun} + {verb})

它们HSK 2

[tā men]

they (for inanimate objects)

作为HSK 4

[zuò wéi]

one's conduct; deed; activity; accomplishment; achievement; to act as; as (in the capacity of); qua; to view as; to look upon (sth as); to take sth to be

旅行HSK 2

[lǚ xíng]

to travel; journey; trip

记忆HSK 5

[jì yì]

to remember; to recall; memory

一部分HSK 2

[yī bù fen]

portion; part of; subset

国HSK 1

[Guó]

surname Guo

子HSK 1

[zǐ]

son; child; seed; egg; small thing; 1st earthly branch: 11 p.m.-1 a.m., midnight, 11th solar month (7th December to 5th January), year of the Rat; Viscount, fourth of five orders of nobility 位; ancient Chinese compass point: 0° (north); subsidiary; subordinate; sub-

科学HSK 2

[kē xué]

science; scientific knowledge; scientific; rational

活动HSK 2

[huó dòng]

to exercise; to move about; to operate; to use connections (personal influence); loose; shaky; active; movable; activity; campaign; maneuver; behavior

中心HSK 2

[zhōng xīn]

center; heart; core

副HSK 6

[fù]

secondary; auxiliary; deputy; assistant; vice-; abbr. for 副词 adverb; classifier for pairs, sets of things & facial expressions

主任HSK 3

[zhǔ rèn]

director; head

博士HSK 5

[bó shì]

doctor; court academician (in feudal China); Ph.D.

表示HSK 4

[biǎo shì]

to express; to show; to say; to state; to indicate; to mean

长期以来HSK 7

[cháng qī yǐ lái]

for a long time

商店HSK 1

[shāng diàn]

store; shop

大多HSK 4

[dà duō]

for the most part; many; most; the greater part; mostly

普通HSK 2

[pǔ tōng]

common; ordinary; general; average

许多HSK 2

[xǔ duō]

many; a lot of; much

景点HSK 6

[jǐng diǎn]

tourist attraction; scenic spot

能HSK 1

[Néng]

surname Neng

见到HSK 2

[jiàn dào]

to see

尚未HSK 7

[shàng wèi]

not yet; still not

真正HSK 2

[zhēn zhèng]

genuine; real; true; really; indeed

自身HSK 3

[zì shēn]

itself; oneself; one's own

基于HSK 7

[jī yú]

because of; on the basis of; in view of; on account of

留HSK 2

[liú]

old variant of 留

存HSK 3

[cún]

to exist; to deposit; to store; to keep; to survive

回忆HSK 5

[huí yì]

to recall; memories

更是HSK 6

[gèng shì]

even more (so)

载体HSK 7

[zài tǐ]

carrier (chemistry); vector (epidemiology); vehicle or medium

管理HSK 3

[guǎn lǐ]

to supervise; to manage; to administer; management; administration

单位HSK 2

[dān wèi]

unit (of measure); unit (group of people as a whole); work unit (place of employment, esp. in the PRC prior to economic reform)

探索HSK 6

[tàn suǒ]

to explore; to probe

新HSK 1

[Xīn]

abbr. for Xinjiang 疆 or Singapore 坡; surname Xin

思路HSK 7

[sī lù]

line of thought; way of thinking

围绕HSK 5

[wéi rào]

to revolve around; to center on (an issue)

重HSK 1

[chóng]

to repeat; repetition; again; re-; classifier: layer

教HSK 1

[Jiào]

surname Jiao

科HSK 2

[kē]

branch of study; administrative section; division; field; branch; stage directions; family (taxonomy); rules; laws; to mete out (punishment); to levy (taxes etc); to fine sb

举HSK 2

[jǔ]

variant of 举

历史HSK 4

[lì shǐ]

history

展开HSK 3

[zhǎn kāi]

to unfold; to spread out; to open up; to launch; to carry out

让HSK 2

[ràng]

to yield; to permit; to let sb do sth; to have sb do sth; to make sb (feel sad etc); by (indicates the agent in a passive clause, like 被)

离开HSK 2

[lí kāi]

to depart; to leave

之后HSK 4

[zhī hòu]

after; behind; (at the beginning of a sentence) afterwards; since then

延续HSK 4

[yán xù]

to continue; to go on; to last

体验HSK 3

[tǐ yàn]

to experience for oneself

进HSK 1

[jìn]

to go forward; to advance; to go in; to enter; to put in; to submit; to take in; to admit; (math.) base of a number system; classifier for sections in a building or residential compound

碑HSK 7

[bēi]

a monument; an upright stone tablet; stele

形象HSK 3

[xíng xiàng]

image; form; figure; visualization; vivid

到HSK 1

[dào]

to reach; to arrive; to leave for; to go to; to (a place); until (a time); up to (a point); (verb complement indicating arriving at a place or reaching a point); considerate; thoughtful; thorough

儒学HSK 7

[Rú xué]

Confucianism

教育HSK 2

[jiào yù]

to educate; to teach; education

各种HSK 3

[gè zhǒng]

every kind of; all kinds of; various

符号HSK 4

[fú hào]

symbol; mark; sign

已HSK 3

[yǐ]

already; to stop; then; afterwards

出HSK 1

[chū]

to go out; to come out; to occur; to produce; to go beyond; to rise; to put forth; to happen; (used after a verb to indicate an outward direction or a positive result); classifier for dramas, plays, operas etc

多HSK 1

[duō]

many; much; too many; in excess; (after a numeral) ... odd; how (to what extent) (Taiwan pr. [duó]); (bound form) multi-; poly-

系列HSK 4

[xì liè]

series; set

丰富HSK 3

[fēng fù]

to enrich; rich; plentiful; abundant

精神HSK 3

[jīng shén]

spirit; mind; consciousness; thought; mental; psychological; essence; gist

内涵HSK 7

[nèi hán]

meaningful content; implication; connotation (semantics); inner qualities (of a person)

使HSK 3

[shǐ]

to make; to cause; to enable; to use; to employ; to send; to instruct sb to do sth; envoy; messenger

能够HSK 2

[néng gòu]

to be capable of; to be able to; can

庙HSK 7

[miào]

temple; ancestral shrine; temple fair; great imperial hall; imperial

带HSK 2

[dài]

band; belt; girdle; ribbon; tire; area; zone; region; to wear; to carry; to take along; to bear (i.e. to have); to lead; to bring; to look after; to raise

回家HSK 1

[huí jiā]

to return home

关注HSK 3

[guān zhù]

to pay attention to; to follow sth closely; to follow (on social media); concern; interest; attention

是HSK 1

[shì]

to be (followed by substantives only); correct; right; true; (respectful acknowledgement of a command) very well; (adverb for emphatic assertion)

当地HSK 3

[dāng dì]

local

开发HSK 3

[kāi fā]

to exploit (a resource); to open up (for development); to develop

不仅HSK 3

[bù jǐn]

not just; not limited to; (as a correlative conjunction) not only (..., but also ...)

元素HSK 6

[yuán sù]

element (key component of sth); (chemistry) element; (math.) element (member of a set)

提HSK 2

[dī]

used in 防 and 溜

上HSK 1

[shǎng]

used in 上声

团队HSK 6

[tuán duì]

team

深度HSK 5

[shēn dù]

depth; (of a speech etc) profundity; advanced stage of development

合作HSK 3

[hé zuò]

to cooperate; to collaborate; to work together; cooperation

古代HSK 3

[gǔ dài]

ancient times

样HSK 6

[yàng]

manner; pattern; way; appearance; shape; classifier: kind, type

精髓HSK 7

[jīng suǐ]

marrow; pith; quintessence; essence

取HSK 2

[qǔ]

to take; to get; to choose; to fetch

灵感HSK 7

[líng gǎn]

inspiration; insight; a burst of creativity in scientific or artistic endeavor

共同HSK 3

[gòng tóng]

common; joint; jointly; together; collaborative

打造HSK 6

[dǎ zào]

to create; to build; to develop; to forge (of metal)

兼HSK 7

[jiān]

double; twice; simultaneous; holding two or more (official) posts at the same time

底蕴HSK 7

[dǐ yùn]

inside information; concrete details

文HSK 7

[Wén]

surname Wen

创HSK 7

[chuàng]

variant of 创

由HSK 3

[yóu]

to follow; from; because of; due to; by; via; through; (before a noun and a verb) it is for ... to ...

村HSK 3

[cūn]

village

人手HSK 7

[rén shǒu]

manpower; staff; human hand

制作HSK 3

[zhì zuò]

to make; to manufacture

虽然HSK 2

[suī rán]

although; even though (often used correlatively with 是 or 是 etc)

价格HSK 3

[jià gé]

price

相对HSK 7

[xiāng duì]

relatively; opposite; to resist; to oppose; relative; vis-a-vis; counterpart

但HSK 2

[dàn]

but; yet; however; still; merely; only; just

凭借HSK 7

[píng jiè]

to rely on; to depend on; by means of; thanks to; sth that one relies on

工艺HSK 5

[gōng yì]

arts and crafts; industrial arts

背后HSK 3

[bèi hòu]

behind; at the back; in the rear; behind sb's back

依然HSK 4

[yī rán]

still; as before

深受HSK 7

[shēn shòu]

to receive in no small measure

青HSK 5

[Qīng]

abbr. for 海, Qinghai Province

玉HSK 4

[yù]

jade

河HSK 2

[hé]

river

认为HSK 2

[rèn wéi]

to believe; to think; to consider; to feel

应HSK 4

[Yīng]

surname Ying; Taiwan pr. [Yìng]

具备HSK 4

[jù bèi]

to possess; to have; equipped with; able to fulfill (conditions or requirements)

三HSK 1

[Sān]

surname San

要素HSK 6

[yào sù]

essential factor; key constituent

实用HSK 4

[shí yòng]

practical; functional; pragmatic; applied (science)

性HSK 3

[xìng]

nature; character; property; quality; attribute; sexuality; sex; gender; suffix forming adjective from verb; suffix forming noun from adjective, corresponding to -ness or -ity; essence

审美HSK 7

[shěn měi]

esthetics; appreciating the arts; taste

表达HSK 3

[biǎo dá]

to express; to convey

能力HSK 3

[néng lì]

capability; ability

只有HSK 3

[zhǐ yǒu]

only have ...; there is only ...; (used in combination with 才) it is only if one ... (that one can ...) (Example: 只有通过治疗才能痊愈 "the only way to cure it is with therapy"); it is only ... (who ...) (Example: 要 "only men would have such a requirement"); (used to indicate that one has no alternative) one can only (do a certain thing) (Example: 服 "the only thing you can do is give in")

不HSK 1

[bù]

no; not so; (bound form) not; un-

需求HSK 3

[xū qiú]

requirement; to require; (economics) demand

就HSK 1

[jiù]

(after a suppositional clause) in that case; then; (after a clause of action) as soon as; immediately after; (same as 是) merely; nothing else but; simply; just; precisely; exactly; only; as little as; as much as; as many as; to approach; to move towards; to undertake; to engage in; (often followed by 着) taking advantage of; (of food) to go with; with regard to; concerning; (pattern: 就 ... 也 ...) even if ... still ...; (pattern: 不 ... 就 ...) if not ... then must be ...

获得HSK 4

[huò dé]

to obtain; to receive; to get

认可HSK 3

[rèn kě]

to approve; approval; acknowledgment; OK

反之HSK 7

[fǎn zhī]

on the other hand...; conversely...

如果HSK 2

[rú guǒ]

if; in case; in the event that

销量HSK 7

[xiāo liàng]

sales volume

很HSK 1

[hěn]

(adverb of degree); quite; very; awfully

好HSK 1

[hǎo]

good; appropriate; proper; all right!; (before a verb) easy to; (before a verb) good to; (before an adjective for exclamatory effect) so; (verb complement indicating completion); (of two people) close; on intimate terms; (after a personal pronoun) hello

却HSK 4

[què]

old variant of 却

无法HSK 4

[wú fǎ]

unable; incapable

体现HSK 3

[tǐ xiàn]

to embody; to reflect; to incarnate

其HSK 5

[qí]

his; her; its; their; that; such; it (refers to sth preceding it)

所HSK 3

[suǒ]

actually; place; classifier for houses, small buildings, institutions etc; that which; particle introducing a relative clause or passive

代表HSK 3

[dài biǎo]

representative; delegate; to represent; to stand for; on behalf of; in the name of

地区HSK 3

[dì qū]

local; regional; district (not necessarily formal administrative unit); region; area; as suffix to city name, means prefecture or county (area administered by a prefecture-level city or, county-level city)

特色HSK 3

[tè sè]

characteristic; distinguishing feature or quality

同样HSK 2

[tóng yàng]

same; equal; equivalent

独特HSK 4

[dú tè]

unique; distinctive

不过HSK 2

[bù guò]

only; merely; no more than; but; however; anyway (to get back to a previous topic); cannot be more (after adjectival)

仅HSK 3

[jǐn]

barely; only; merely

靠HSK 2

[kào]

to lean against or on; to stand by the side of; to come near to; to depend on; to trust; to fuck (vulgar); traditional military costume drama where the performers wear armor (old)

少数HSK 2

[shǎo shù]

small number; few; minority

景区HSK 7

[jǐng qū]

scenic area

推出HSK 6

[tuī chū]

to push out; to release; to launch; to publish; to recommend

几HSK 1

[jī]

small table

成功HSK 3

[Chéng gōng]

Chenggong or Chengkung town in Taitung County 台东县, southeast Taiwan

还HSK 1

[Huán]

surname Huan

不足HSK 5

[bù zú]

insufficient; lacking; deficiency; not enough; inadequate; not worth; cannot; should not

推动HSK 3

[tuī dòng]

to push (e.g. for acceptance of a plan); to promote; to give impetus to

整个HSK 3

[zhěng gè]

whole; entire; total

行业HSK 4

[háng yè]

trade; profession; industry; business

实现HSK 2

[shí xiàn]

to achieve; to implement; to realize; to bring about

可HSK 5

[kě]

(prefix) can; may; able to; -able; to approve; to permit; to suit; (particle used for emphasis) certainly; very

持续HSK 3

[chí xù]

to continue; to persist; to last; sustainable; preservation

发展HSK 3

[fā zhǎn]

development; growth; to develop; to grow; to expand

难以HSK 5

[nán yǐ]

hard to (predict, imagine etc)

充分HSK 4

[chōng fèn]

ample; sufficient; adequate; full; fully; to the full

释放HSK 7

[shì fàng]

to release; to set free; to liberate (a prisoner); to discharge

领域HSK 7

[lǐng yù]

domain; sphere; field; territory; area

巨大HSK 4

[jù dà]

huge; immense; very large; tremendous; gigantic; enormous

潜力HSK 6

[qián lì]

potential; capacity

目前HSK 3

[mù qián]

at the present time; currently

面临HSK 4

[miàn lín]

to face sth; to be confronted with

低价HSK 7

[dī jià]

low price

进口HSK 4

[jìn kǒu]

to import; imported; entrance; inlet (for the intake of air, water etc)

商品HSK 3

[shāng pǐn]

commodity; goods; merchandise

激烈HSK 4

[jī liè]

(of competition or fighting) intense; fierce; (of pain) acute; (of an expression of opinion) impassioned; vehement; (of a course of action) drastic; extreme

竞争HSK 5

[jìng zhēng]

to compete; competition

同时HSK 2

[tóng shí]

at the same time; simultaneously

具有HSK 3

[jù yǒu]

to have; to possess

高HSK 1

[Gāo]

surname Gao

知名度HSK 7

[zhī míng dù]

reputation; profile; familiarity in the public consciousness

影响力HSK 6

[yǐng xiǎng lì]

influence; impact

礼品HSK 7

[lǐ pǐn]

gift; present

仍然HSK 3

[réng rán]

still; as before; yet

较HSK 3

[jiào]

to compare; to dispute; compared to; (before adj.) relatively; comparatively; rather; also pr. [jiǎo]

少HSK 1

[shǎo]

few; less; to lack; to be missing; to stop (doing sth); seldom

不少HSK 2

[bù shǎo]

many; a lot; not few

仍HSK 3

[réng]

still; yet; to remain; (literary) frequently; often

停留HSK 5

[tíng liú]

to stay somewhere temporarily; to stop over

零HSK 1

[líng]

zero; nought; zero sign; fractional; fragmentary; odd (of numbers); (placed between two numbers to indicate a smaller quantity followed by a larger one); fraction; (in mathematics) remainder (after division); extra; to wither and fall; to wither

散HSK 4

[sàn]

variant of 散

阶段HSK 4

[jiē duàn]

stage; section; phase; period

缺乏HSK 5

[quē fá]

to lack; to be short of

整体HSK 3

[zhěng tǐ]

whole entity; entire body; synthesis; as a whole (situation, construction, team etc); global; macrocosm; integral; holistic; whole

理念HSK 7

[lǐ niàn]

idea; concept; philosophy; theory

以及HSK 4

[yǐ jí]

as well as; too; and

专业HSK 3

[zhuān yè]

specialty; specialized field; main field of study (at university); major; professional

化HSK 3

[huā]

variant of 花

渠道HSK 6

[qú dào]

irrigation ditch; (fig.) channel; means

因此HSK 3

[yīn cǐ]

thus; consequently; as a result

需HSK 7

[xū]

to require; to need; to want; necessity; need

构建HSK 6

[gòu jiàn]

to construct (sth abstract)

个HSK 1

[gě]

used in 自个儿

产业HSK 5

[chǎn yè]

industry; estate; property; industrial

生态HSK 7

[shēng tài]

ecology

体系HSK 7

[tǐ xì]

system; setup

生产HSK 3

[shēng chǎn]

to produce; to manufacture; to give birth to a child

制造HSK 3

[zhì zào]

to manufacture; to make

销HSK 7

[xiāo]

to melt (metal); to cancel; to annul; to sell; to expend; to spend; pin; bolt; to fasten with a pin or bolt

和HSK 1

[hé]

old variant of 和

品牌HSK 6

[pǐn pái]

brand name; trademark

推广HSK 3

[tuī guǎng]

to extend; to spread; to popularize; generalization; promotion (of a product etc)

有机HSK 7

[yǒu jī]

organic

衔接HSK 7

[xián jiē]

to link up; to connect; to join

形成HSK 3

[xíng chéng]

to form; to take shape

完整HSK 3

[wán zhěng]

complete; intact

更HSK 2

[gēng]

to change or replace; to experience; one of the five two-hour periods into which the night was formerly divided; watch (e.g. of a sentry or guard)

广阔HSK 6

[guǎng kuò]

wide; vast

国际HSK 2

[guó jì]

international

市场HSK 3

[shì chǎng]

marketplace; market (also in abstract)

创造HSK 3

[chuàng zào]

to create; to bring about; to produce; to set (a record)

条件HSK 2

[tiáo jiàn]

condition; circumstance; term; factor; requirement; prerequisite; qualification; situation; state; condition

在HSK 1

[zài]

to exist; to be alive; (of sb or sth) to be (located) at; (used before a verb to indicate an action in progress)

这HSK 1

[zhè]

(pronoun) this; these; (bound form) this; the (followed by a noun); (bound form) this; these (followed by a classifier) (in this sense, commonly pr. [zhèi], esp. in Beijing)

一体HSK 7

[yī tǐ]

an integral whole; all concerned; everybody

系HSK 3

[xì]

to connect; to relate to; to tie up; to bind; to be (literary)

遗产HSK 4

[yí chǎn]

heritage; legacy; inheritance; bequest

提供HSK 4

[tí gōng]

to offer; to supply; to provide; to furnish

创意HSK 6

[chuàng yì]

creative; creativity

源泉HSK 7

[yuán quán]

fountainhead; well-spring; water source; fig. origin

传承HSK 7

[chuán chéng]

to pass on (to future generations); passed on (from former times); a continued tradition; an inheritance

技艺HSK 7

[jì yì]

skill; art

设计师HSK 6

[shè jì shī]

designer; architect

负责HSK 3

[fù zé]

to be in charge of; to take responsibility for; to be to blame; conscientious

传统HSK 4

[chuán tǒng]

tradition; traditional; convention; conventional

价值HSK 3

[jià zhí]

value; worth; fig. values (ethical, cultural etc)

转化HSK 5

[zhuǎn huà]

to change; to transform; isomerization (chemistry)

为HSK 2

[wéi]

as (in the capacity of); to take sth as; to act as; to serve as; to behave as; to become; to be; to do; by (in the passive voice)

符合HSK 4

[fú hé]

in keeping with; in accordance with; tallying with; in line with; to agree with; to accord with; to conform to; to correspond with; to manage; to handle

现代HSK 3

[Xiàn dài]

Hyundai, South Korean company

生活HSK 2

[shēng huó]

to live; life; livelihood

语言HSK 2

[yǔ yán]

language

而HSK 4

[ér]

and; as well as; and so; but (not); yet (not); (indicates causal relation); (indicates change of state); (indicates contrast)

销售HSK 4

[xiāo shòu]

to sell; to market; sales (representative, agreement etc)

平台HSK 6

[píng tái]

platform; terrace; flat-roofed building

旅游HSK 2

[lǚ yóu]

trip; journey; tourism; travel; tour; to travel

目的地HSK 7

[mù dì dì]

destination (location)

及HSK 7

[jí]

and; to reach; up to; in time for

机构HSK 4

[jī gòu]

mechanism; structure; organization; agency; institution

则HSK 7

[zé]

(literary) (conjunction used to express contrast with a previous clause) but; then; (bound form) standard; norm; (bound form) principle; (literary) to imitate; to follow; classifier for written items

成为HSK 2

[chéng wéi]

to become; to turn into

连接HSK 5

[lián jiē]

to link; to join; to connect

产品HSK 4

[chǎn pǐn]

goods; merchandise; product

与HSK 6

[yú]

variant of 欤

消费者HSK 5

[xiāo fèi zhě]

consumer

重要HSK 1

[zhòng yào]

important; significant; major

桥梁HSK 6

[qiáo liáng]

bridge (lit. and fig.)

有时候HSK 1

[yǒu shí hou]

sometimes

传播HSK 3

[chuán bō]

to disseminate; to propagate; to spread

正是HSK 2

[zhèng shì]

is precisely

从HSK 1

[cóng]

variant of 从

游客HSK 2

[yóu kè]

traveler; tourist; (online gaming) guest player

行李箱HSK 3

[xíng li xiāng]

suitcase; baggage compartment; overhead bin; (car) trunk; boot

中HSK 1

[Zhōng]

China; Chinese; surname Zhong

小HSK 1

[xiǎo]

small; tiny; few; young

开始HSK 3

[kāi shǐ]

to begin; beginning; to start; initial

设计HSK 3

[shè jì]

to design; to plan; design; plan

精HSK 6

[jīng]

essence; extract; vitality; energy; semen; sperm; mythical goblin spirit; highly perfected; elite; the pick of sth; proficient (refined ability); extremely (fine); selected rice (archaic)

巧HSK 3

[qiǎo]

opportunely; coincidentally; as it happens; skillful; timely

手工HSK 4

[shǒu gōng]

handwork; manual

或许HSK 4

[huò xǔ]

perhaps; maybe

就是HSK 3

[jiù shì]

exactly; precisely; only; simply; just; (used correlatively with 也) even; even if

外国HSK 1

[wài guó]

foreign (country)

朋友HSK 1

[péng you]

friend

认识HSK 1

[rèn shi]

to know; to recognize; to be familiar with; to get acquainted with sb; knowledge; understanding; awareness; cognition

第一HSK 2

[dì yī]

first; number one; primary

张HSK 3

[Zhāng]

surname Zhang

名片HSK 4

[míng piàn]

(business) card

当HSK 2

[dāng]

(onom.) dong; ding dong (bell)

每HSK 3

[měi]

each; every

一HSK 1

[yī]

one; single; a (article); as soon as; entire; whole; all; throughout; "one" radical in Chinese characters (Kangxi radical 1); also pr. [yāo] for greater clarity when spelling out numbers digit by digit

件HSK 2

[jiàn]

item; component; classifier for events, things, clothes etc

纪念HSK 3

[jì niàn]

to commemorate; to honor the memory of; memento; keepsake; souvenir

品HSK 5

[pǐn]

(bound form) article; commodity; product; goods; (bound form) grade; rank; kind; type; variety; character; disposition; nature; temperament; to taste sth; to sample; to criticize; to comment; to judge; to size up; fret (on a guitar or lute)

都HSK 1

[Dū]

surname Du

承载HSK 7

[chéng zài]

to bear the weight; to sustain

着HSK 1

[zhāo]

(chess) move; trick; all right!; (dialect) to add

值得HSK 3

[zhí de]

to be worth; to deserve

继续HSK 3

[jì xù]

to continue; to proceed with; to go on with

讲述HSK 7

[jiǎng shù]

to talk about; to narrate; to give an account

故事HSK 2

[gù shì]

old practice

时HSK 3

[shí]

old variant of 时

越HSK 2

[Yuè]

generic word for peoples or states of south China or south Asia at different historical periods; abbr. for Vietnam 越南

南HSK 1

[Nán]

surname Nan

文化HSK 3

[wén huà]

culture; civilization; cultural

也HSK 1

[Yě]

surname Ye

将HSK 5

[jiāng]

will; shall; to use; to take; to checkmate; just a short while ago; (introduces object of main verb, used in the same way as 把)

以HSK 7

[yǐ]

old variant of 以

自然HSK 3

[zì rán]

nature; natural; naturally

最HSK 1

[zuì]

variant of 最

富HSK 3

[Fù]

surname Fu

感染力HSK 7

[gǎn rǎn lì]

infectiousness (of a disease); appeal; power; impact (of an image, marketing message, performance etc)

的HSK 1

[de]

of; ~'s (possessive particle); (used after an attribute); (used to form a nominal expression); (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis); also pr. [dì] or [di] in poetry and songs

方式HSK 3

[fāng shì]

way; manner; style; mode; pattern

走HSK 1

[zǒu]

to walk; to go; to run; to move (of vehicle); to visit; to leave; to go away; to die (euph.); from; through; away (in compound verbs, such as 走); to change (shape, form, meaning)

向HSK 2

[Xiàng]

surname Xiang

世界HSK 3

[shì jiè]

world

完HSK 2

[wán]

to finish; to be over; whole; complete; entire